Introduction: In international relations, a non-polar world refers to a global system in which power is not concentrated in one, two, or a few dominant states, but is instead widely diffused among a variety of actors. Unlike unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar systems, a non-polar world is characterized by the absence of clear power centers and…

Introduction: In international relations, a unipolar world refers to a global power structure in which a single state possesses predominant military, economic, political, and ideological influence, enabling it to shape international outcomes with minimal resistance from other states. Unlike bipolar or multipolar systems, unipolarity is characterized by the absence of rival powers capable of balancing…

Introduction: National security refers to the protection of a nation’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, institutions, and people from internal and external threats. It encompasses a broad range of measures taken by the state to safeguard political stability, economic interests, social harmony, and strategic assets. Traditionally associated with military defense against foreign aggression, national security today also…

Introduction: C.Rajamohan, Indian strategist has said Pakistan is like a monkey on the back. It annoys you no matter whatever you do. India–Pakistan relations are shaped by a complex mix of history, politics, geography, and identity. Since their partition in 1947, the two neighboring states have experienced cycles of conflict, uneasy peace, and attempted engagement.…

Introduction Geography has played a decisive role in shaping India’s foreign policy by influencing its security priorities, economic interests, and regional interactions. Surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the Indian Ocean to the south, India’s strategic position has made it both a continental and maritime power. Its borders with Pakistan and China have…

Here is a list of writings that puts a spotlight on humanity. Can men be evil than evil itself. Uday Saddam Hussain: He does not like the smell of sweat. Here is a excerpt from Times One summer day Uday stopped the butler and said, “What the hell is that smell?” Uday ordered five falaqa…

Introduction The arms race refers to the competitive buildup of weapons and military capabilities between two or more nations, each seeking to gain or maintain superiority over the other. It often arises from mutual distrust, fear of vulnerability, and the desire for strategic advantage. Historically, the arms race between the United States and the Soviet…

introduction Will Kymlicka’s political thought is best known for its focus on multiculturalism, minority rights, and the relationship between liberal democracy and cultural diversity. Kymlicka, a Canadian political philosopher, has been a leading voice in contemporary debates about how liberal states should respond to the claims of ethnic, cultural, and national minorities. His work argues…

Introduction Friedrich von Hayek’s political thought centers on the defense of individual liberty, spontaneous order, and the dangers of centralized planning. His work remains foundational to modern classical liberalism and critiques of collectivist ideologies. Friedrich August von Hayek, a towering figure in 20th-century political philosophy and economics, championed liberal democracy and free-market capitalism as bulwarks…

Introduction: India’s foreign policy is profoundly shaped by its rich and tumultuous history, which serves as both a repository of lessons and a blueprint for strategic autonomy. From the ancient era of expansive empires like the Mauryas and Guptas that fostered cultural diplomacy and trade across Asia, to the medieval interactions with Central Asian powers…