Introduction Environmental protection refers to the practice of preserving and safeguarding natural ecosystems, resources, and biodiversity from human activities and degradation. As the world faces escalating environmental challenges—such as climate change, deforestation, pollution, and the depletion of natural resources—there is an urgent need for collective action to ensure the planet’s health for current and future…

Introduction Global social networks have transformed the landscape of international relations by facilitating communication, information exchange, and diplomacy across borders. These platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, enable governments, organizations, and individuals to engage in real-time dialogues, shape public opinion, and influence foreign policy. Social networks provide a space for digital diplomacy, allowing states…

introduction National power is a fundamental concept in international relations, encapsulating a nation’s ability to influence other states and achieve its national interests. It is not merely a measure of military strength or economic prowess but a composite of various elements including political stability, technological advancement, and diplomatic influence. Scholars like Hans J. Morgenthau emphasize…

introduction The President of India holds a crucial position as the ceremonial head of the state and the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. Though largely a symbolic role, the President’s responsibilities are vital in upholding the democratic framework of the nation. The office ensures the smooth functioning of the parliamentary system by giving…

introduction The doctrine of political constructivism is present in John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice and developed more lucidly in Rawls’s work such as Dewey Lectures and others. Constructivism in political theory is a framework that emphasizes the significance of social constructs, ideas, and interactions in shaping political realities. Unlike traditional theories that often focus…

introduction The cultural dimension of globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon that shapes and transforms societies worldwide through the interconnectedness of cultural practices, values, and artifacts. As global interactions intensify, cultures are increasingly influenced by and integrated with one another, leading to the proliferation of shared cultural experiences and the emergence of new, hybrid forms. This…

introduction The technological dimension of globalization refers to the increasing speed of technological diffusion across the global economy. It encompasses the spread of technologies around the world, particularly from developed to developing nations¹. This includes: Technological globalization is both an effect and a cause of globalization. As an effect, it’s facilitated by political and economic…

introduction Globalization has profoundly reshaped the world’s economic landscape, characterized by the intensification and expansion of economic interrelations across the globe. This phenomenon has led to the emergence of a new global economic order, marked by the internationalization of trade and finance, the rise of transnational corporations, and the enhanced role of international economic institutions.…