Introduction: Nuclear weapons have profoundly shaped the dynamics of international relations since their advent in 1945. As the most destructive instruments of warfare ever created, they have not only redefined the nature of military power but also introduced a paradigm of deterrence that has influenced global politics for decades. The possession of nuclear arsenals by…

Inteoductiin: Good governance in India is a cornerstone for sustainable development, social equity, and economic growth. It encompasses transparency, accountability, rule of law, and inclusive participation, ensuring that the needs and aspirations of all citizens are addressed. Since independence, India has made significant strides in building democratic institutions, promoting decentralization through Panchayati Raj, and implementing…

Introduction:Sakala is a comprehensive and transformative initiative aimed at ensuring the timely delivery of government services to citizens in the Indian state of Karnataka. Launched in 2012 under the Karnataka Guarantee of Services to Citizens Act, Sakala, which translates to “time-bound” in Kannada, guarantees the provision of various public services within a stipulated timeframe. This…

Introduction Since 1990, India’s foreign economic policy has undergone a significant transformation, shaped by the liberalization and globalization reforms initiated in 1991. The economic crisis of 1991 served as a turning point, prompting India to shift from a protectionist approach to an outward-looking strategy aimed at integrating with the global economy. This period witnessed the…

Introduction The Right to Education in India is a fundamental right enshrined under Article 21A of the Constitution, ensuring free and compulsory education for children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. This landmark provision was introduced through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, reflecting India’s commitment to universal education as a means of…

introduction Non-state actors in international relations refer to entities that operate across national borders and influence global politics and decision-making, but are not formally tied to any specific government. These actors include international organizations (e.g., the United Nations), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations, advocacy networks, terrorist groups, and even influential individuals. Unlike state actors, which…

State Actors – ACTORS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STATE ACTORS sovereign actor with a central – Studocu In international relations, state actors refer to the governments or political entities that represent sovereign states and play a crucial role in shaping global affairs. These actors are key players in diplomacy, conflict, trade, security, and other aspects of…

contemporary developments https://www.deccanherald.com/world/in-pivot-from-india-nepal-pm-visits-china-to-seek-investment-3301461

1. Sovereign States are Chief Actors: Sovereign states are the primary actors in international relations due to their unique attributes, roles, and capabilities. Here’s why they hold this central position: While non-state actors (e.g., multinational corporations, international organizations, NGOs, and transnational groups) also play significant roles, states remain the foundational units in shaping the structure…

Introduction: Public governance refers to the processes, systems, and structures through which governments and public institutions make decisions, implement policies, and manage resources to serve the public interest. It involves a broad range of activities, including policymaking, regulation, service delivery, and oversight, all aimed at promoting accountability, transparency, and inclusivity. Effective public governance ensures that…